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Objective: To analyze the incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian province from 2015 to 2020 and provide the scientific evidences for the risk assessment, prevention and control of leptospirosis. Methods: The incidence data of leptospirosis in Fujian during 2015-2020 were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention for a descriptive analysis, and software ArcGIS 10.3.1 was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis, and rats were captured in 17 surveillance areas during the same period, and the rat organs were collected for pathogen culture, the level of Leptospira antibody was detected in serum samples of rats, healthy population and the serum samples of patients sent by the hospitals. The infection status of Leptospira in human and rats were analyzed. Results: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020. A total of 176 cases of leptospirosis were reported. There were obvious seasonality and bimodal distribution. The majority of cases were farmers, accounting for 49.43% (87/176). Most cases were aged 30-69 years (85.80%, 151/176). The male to female ratio of the cases was 3.51∶1 (137∶39). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that leptospirosis had high or low clustering areas. From 2015 to 2020, the average capture rate of rats in 17 surveillance areas was 6.96% (1 519/21 838), Rattus losea, Rattus flavipectus and Niviventer fulvescens were the main species. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in rats was 28.64% (252/880). Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 56.75% (143/252) and 17.46% (44/252), respectively. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in healthy population was 16.13% (254/1 575), and Autumnalis and Australis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 71.65% (182/254). The confirmation rate of leptospirosis in patient serum samples sent by the hospitals was 2.23% (188/8 431), Autumnalis (56.38%, 106/188) and Hebdomadis (19.68%, 37/188) were the major serogroups. Conclusions: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020, there were obvious area clustering and seasonality. The high clustering areas were mainly distributed in northern, western and central Fujian. Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups in rats. The infection rate in healthy population decreased year by year. Autumnalis and Hebdomadis were the main serogroups in population in Fujian.
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Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Rats , Antibodies, Bacterial , Incidence , Leptospira , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , SerogroupABSTRACT
Objective To compare the clinical features and surgical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with portal venous tumor thrombus (PVTT) and hepatic venous tumor thrombus (HVTT) or bile duct tumor thrombi (BDTT),and analyze the effects of different tumor thrombus (TT) types and different surgical methods for TT on prognosis.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 220 HCC patients with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) who were admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2004 and December 2014 were collected.Of 220 patients,140 were combined with PVTT,36 with HVTT and 44 with BDTT.According to patients' conditions,they underwent tumor and TT resection,and tumor resection + TT removal or single TT removal.Observation indicators:(1) comparisons of clinical features of HCC patients with PVTT or HVTT or BDTT;(2) surgical and postoperative situations;(3) follow-up and survival.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative survival up to December 2015.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s.Comparisons among 3 indicators were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA,and comparisons between 2 indicators were analyzed using the t test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.The survival curve and rate were respectively drawn and calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method,and the Log-rank test was used for survival analysis.Results (1) Comparisons of clinical features of HCC patients with PVTT or HVTT or BDTT:number of patients with Child-pugh A,Child-pugh B and peritoneal effusion,tumor diameter and cases with tumor capsule were respectively detected in 133,7,23,(10±4)cm,91 in HCC patients with PVTT and 35,1,4,(9±4)cm,27 in HCC patients with HVTT and 35,9,16,(6±4)cm,15 in HCC patients with BDTT,with statistically significant differences (x2 =12.693,10.408,F=11.300,x2 =17.188,P＜ 0.05).(2) Surgical and postoperative situations:of 140 HCC patients with PVTT,51 underwent tumor and PVTT resection,89 underwent tumor resection + PVTT removal through incising portal vein;68 received postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).Thirty-six HCC patients with HVTT underwent tumor and HVTT resection;24 received postoperative TACE.Of 44 HCC patients with BDTT,23 underwent tumor and BDTT resection,21 underwent tumor resection + BDTT removal through incising common bile duct;29 received postoperative TACE.(3) Follow-up and survival:① 220 patients were followed up for 1-73 months,with a median time of 12 months.The median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 12 months,48.2％,25.0％,15.4％ in 140 HCC patients with PVTT and 28 months,77.1％,45.6％,24.5％ in 36 HCC patients with HVTT and 36 months,88.6％,48.3％,24.6％ in 44 HCC patients with BDTT,with a statistically significant difference in survival (x2 =13.316,P＜0.05).② Of 140 HCC patients with PVTT,49 were in type Ⅰ PVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 20 months,60.3％,32.6％ and 17.1％;70 were in type Ⅱ PVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 13 months,51.4％,26.0％ and 17.3％;21 were in type Ⅲ PVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 7 months,9.5％,4.8％ and 0,showing a statistically significant difference in survival (x2=18.102,P＜0.05).The median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 21 months,72.5％,42.5％,26.2％ in 51 patients undergoing tumor and TT resection and 9 months,40％,14.4％,0 in 89 patients undergoing tumor resection + PVTT removal through incising portal vein,showing a statistically significant difference in survival (x2=24.098,P＜0.05).③ Of 36 HCC patients with HVTT,17 were detected in right HVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 14 months,64.7％,20.2％ and 0;10 were detected in left HVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 53 months,80.0％,70.0％ and 38.9％;9 were detected in middle HVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 40 months,88.9％,61.0％ and 30.5％;showing no statistically significant difference in survival (x2 =5.951,P＞0.05).④ Of 44 HCC patients with BDTT,24,6 and 14 were respectively detected in type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ BDTTs,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 38 months,87.5％,60.4％,34.9％ in type Ⅰ BDTT patients and 26 months,83.3％,16.7％,0 in type Ⅱ BDTT patients and 35 months,78.6％,50.0％,21.4％ in type Ⅲ BDTT patients,showing no statistically significant difference in survival (x2 =5.312,P＞0.05).Of 44 patients,median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 38 months,91.3％,59.5％,34.3％ in 23 patients undergoing tumor and TT resection and 26 months,85.7％,35.7％,15.3％ in 21 patients undergoing tumor resection + TT removal through incising common bile duct,showing no statistically significant difference in survival (x2 =2.071,P＞0.05).Conclusions HCC patients with PVTT have larger tumor diameter and worse liver dysfunction,and are prone to peritoneal effusion.HCC patients with different LVI undergo surgery.There is better prognosis in HCC patients with BDTT,and good prognosis in patients with HVTT,while poorer prognosis in patients with PVTT.The postoperative survival of HCC patients with PVTT is associated with TT type,and patients will have better prognosis after tumor resection + TT removal if TT type is confirmed earlier.The postoperative survival of HCC patients with BDTT is not associated with TT type,tumor resection + TT removal maybe prolong postoperative survival time.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the early intellectual developmental outcome of late preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 106 late preterm infants with a gestational age of 34-36weeks who were admitted to the neonatal ward between January 2012 and January 2015, cured, discharged, and regularly followed up at the outpatient service for high-risk children were enrolled as the preterm group. A total of 120 healthy full-term infants during the same period were randomly selected as the term group. Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was performed for late preterm infants at a corrected gestational age of 40 weeks and full-term infants at a gestational age of 40 weeks. The Gesell Developmental Scale was used for late preterm infants at a corrected age of 3, 6, and 12 months and full-term infants at an age of 3, 6, and 12 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The preterm group had an NBNA score of <37 and a significantly lower NBNA score than the term group (P<0.05). At the corrected age of 3 months, the preterm group had significantly lower scores of gross motor, fine motor, and social competence than the term group (P<0.05). At the corrected age of 6 months, the preterm group had significantly lower scores of adaptability, gross motor, and fine motor than the term group (P<0.05). At the corrected age of 12 months, the preterm group had significantly lower scores of adaptability, gross motor, and social competence than the term group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Late preterm infants have early intellectual developmental delay. It is necessary to perform neurodevelopmental monitoring for late preterm infants.</p>
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Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Child Development , Infant, Premature , IntelligenceABSTRACT
Olea europaea oil is one of the most important part of the "Mediterranean dietary pattern", and a lot of epidemiological evidences showed that people with the Mediterranean diet having a lower morbidity of the cardiovascular system diseases, skin cancer and colon cancer. The health benefits of a Mediterranean diet not only attributed to monounsaturated fatty acids and vitamins and other nutrients in O. europaea oil, but also the phenolic compounds named as antioxidant effect. Studies have shown that O. europaea leaf contains much more antioxidant activity composition than the fruit, and oleuropein, flavonoids such polyphenols are the main active ingredients in O. europaea leaf. A small amount of O. europaea was introduced into China in 1956, after widely cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, and Longnan in Gansu province is the biggest O. europaea planting area in the country. In every winter pruning O. europaea will produce a large number of the leaves, which could be a high added value products (phenolic compounds) of rich source. This article through consulting the literature at home and abroad, classified and summarized the biological activity research status of O. europaea leaf extract and the possible mechanisms, including antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidation, and on the function of brain, cardiovascular system, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and analgesia and so on. At the same time looked ahead to its development prospects of O. europaea leaf extract, it has variety and high content of active ingredients, and antioxidant synergy, which provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of O. europaea leaf. And O. europaea leaf extract has a rich cheap source and good bioavailability, which provided a broad space in the application of medical and health care.
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To investigate the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) on the proliferation, migration and the formation of tube-like structure in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). MTT assay, flat plate scarification, Transwell plates and matrigel-induced tube formation assay were performed to detect the effects of OA on proliferation, migration and tube formation. MTT assay showed that the inhibition rates of HUVECs treated with 60 and 100 microg x mL(-1) of OA for 24 h were 19% and 83% respectively. Treatment of HUVECs significantly inhibited the cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. The vascular indexes of HUVECs treated with 40 and 60 microg x mL(-1) OA were 33% and 20% respectively. Western blotting analysis showed that treatment of the cells with OA significantly attenuated the expression and secretion of VEGF. Additionally, VEGF could in part reverse the effects of OA on migration and tube formation of HUVECs. In conclusion, OA inhibits the proliferation, and VEGF plays an important role in OA induced decreased migration and tube formation of HUVECs.
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Humans , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Oleanolic Acid , Pharmacology , Signal Transduction , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Metabolism , Bodily SecretionsABSTRACT
Objective To describe the current epidemiological characteristics of injuries among primary and middle school students in one rural area of Anhui province and to explore the relationship between the ways of coping and related injuries.Methods Through cluster sampling methods,all students from 3 to 9 grades in 5 primary schools and 3 middle schools in Changfeng county of Anhui province were investigated with questionnaire.All participants completed an anonymous questionnaire concerning their experiences with injuries during the 12 months preceding the survey.The ways of coping to injuries were evaluated by Trait Coping Style Questionnaire.Factors associated with injuries were identified using a negative binomial regression analysis.Results Of 2917 students,the annual event-based rate of injuries was 17.4 per 100 students.Positive coping score had no significant differences between the injury and non-injury groups (33.98 ± 6.38 vs.33.66 ± 6.37) (t=0.979,P=0.328).The score of negative coping style was higher in injury group than in non-injury group (27.65 ± 7.79 vs.26.54 ± 7.62) (t=2.775,P=0.006).Statistically,the annual injury rates were significantly different in three groups on their negative styles of coping (x2=6.131,P=0.013 ).Data from the multivariable negative binomial regression analysis,after adjusted for demographic characteristics,showed no significant difference on the relationship between positive coping style and injury incidence.Those with moderate negative style of coping had lower risks compared to those with highly negative one (IRR＝0.77,95％ CI:0.63-0.94).Conclusion Negative ways of coping was an important risk factor for injuries.Data from our research suggested that psychological preventive measure need to be taken to improve the style of coping.It was also important to promote the related personality development in planning the strategies for future prevention on injuries.
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Objective To understand the status and influential factors of those neglect of left-behind children in rural area,and to provide bases for the development of intervention measures.Methods 2917 students were selected as the study subjects from Changfeng county of Anhui province with cluster sampling method and were evaluated by a Parents-Child Conflict Tactics Scales and questionnaire on influential factors.Results 1694 left-behind children,accounted for 58.1％ of the total students,were surveyed in this investigation.The prevalence rates of neglect,among total children,left-behind children,non-left-behind children were 67.4％,70.2％,63.5％,respectively.The prevalence of neglect among left-behind children was higher than that among non-left-behind children (x2=14.322,P＜0.000).There were no significant associations with the neglect rate of left-behind children regarding gender or age differences.Result from multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the neglect among the left-behind children were associated with family dysfunction(OR values of moderate and serious family dysfunctions compared to good family function were 1.628 and 2.341,respectively)and the rate of keeping in touch with parents(OR values of sometimes and seldom keeping in touch compared to regular in touch were 1.299 and 1.844,respectively).The starting age of being left-behind(OR values of starting age that being left-behind from 6 to 10 and ≤5 years relative to starting age of left-behind ≥11 years were 0.703 and 0.630,respectively)appeared to be the protection factor to the neglect of those left-behind children.Conclusion Our findings indicated that the status of neglect among the left-behind children was serious.Prevention programs on the issue should target on a number of factors,including the characteristics of the chldren them-selves,as well as on the family of the children.